1 Corinthians 6:4

Authorized King James Version

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If then ye have judgments of things pertaining to this life, set them to judge who are least esteemed in the church.

Original Language Analysis

βιωτικὰ of things pertaining to this life G982
βιωτικὰ of things pertaining to this life
Strong's: G982
Word #: 1 of 13
relating to the present existence
μὲν then G3303
μὲν then
Strong's: G3303
Word #: 2 of 13
properly, indicative of affirmation or concession (in fact); usually followed by a contrasted clause with g1161 (this one, the former, etc.)
οὖν G3767
οὖν
Strong's: G3767
Word #: 3 of 13
(adverbially) certainly, or (conjunctionally) accordingly
κριτήρια judgments G2922
κριτήρια judgments
Strong's: G2922
Word #: 4 of 13
a rule of judging ("criterion"), i.e., (by implication) a tribunal
ἐὰν If G1437
ἐὰν If
Strong's: G1437
Word #: 5 of 13
a conditional particle; in case that, provided, etc.; often used in connection with other particles to denote indefiniteness or uncertainty
ἔχητε ye have G2192
ἔχητε ye have
Strong's: G2192
Word #: 6 of 13
to hold (used in very various applications, literally or figuratively, direct or remote; such as possession; ability, contiuity, relation, or conditio
τοὺς G3588
τοὺς
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 7 of 13
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ἐξουθενημένους to judge who are least esteemed G1848
ἐξουθενημένους to judge who are least esteemed
Strong's: G1848
Word #: 8 of 13
to despise
ἐν in G1722
ἐν in
Strong's: G1722
Word #: 9 of 13
"in," at, (up-)on, by, etc
τῇ G3588
τῇ
Strong's: G3588
Word #: 10 of 13
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
ἐκκλησίᾳ the church G1577
ἐκκλησίᾳ the church
Strong's: G1577
Word #: 11 of 13
a calling out, i.e., (concretely) a popular meeting, especially a religious congregation (jewish synagogue, or christian community of members on earth
τούτους them G5128
τούτους them
Strong's: G5128
Word #: 12 of 13
these (persons, as objective of verb or preposition)
καθίζετε set G2523
καθίζετε set
Strong's: G2523
Word #: 13 of 13
to seat down, i.e., set (figuratively, appoint); intransitively, to sit (down); figuratively, to settle (hover, dwell)

Analysis & Commentary

If then ye have judgments of things pertaining to this life, set them to judge who are least esteemed in the church. Paul's biting irony: even the least esteemed (exouthenēmenous, ἐξουθενημένους, 'despised, made of no account') in the church possess more competence than pagan judges for Christian disputes. This either means

  1. literal nobodies in the congregation surpass worldly judges, or
  2. Paul sarcastically mocks their status-obsession: 'Go ahead, appoint your despised ones—even they're better than Roman courts!'

    The Greek syntax is ambiguous (imperative vs. rhetorical question), but the sting is clear: Corinthian Christians elevate external authority while demeaning internal wisdom. Biōtika (βιωτικά) reduces their lawsuits to trivialities—why involve unbelievers in what amounts to household squabbles?

Historical Context

Roman society was hyper-stratified: senators, equestrians, freedmen, slaves. Status anxiety consumed Corinthians (the nouveau riche of a Roman colony). Church members likely included wealthy patrons and poor laborers (1:26-29)—taking disputes to civil courts reinforced worldly hierarchies Paul seeks to demolish. In Christ, the 'least esteemed' might be apostles (4:9-13) or poor believers disrespected at the Lord's Supper (11:22).

Questions for Reflection

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